Diabetic Retinopathy: Signs, Causes, Prevention Tips, and Action Steps for Those Affected
Managing Diabetes and Protecting Your Vision: Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes come with their own challenges, such as weight gain, heart issues, and reduced immunity. However, prolonged high blood sugar levels can lead to additional complications, one of which is diabetic retinopathy—a condition that can impair vision and, in severe cases, cause blindness.
In this guide, we’ll cover what diabetic retinopathy is, its symptoms, causes, preventative measures, and available treatments if you’re living with this condition.
What Is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy occurs when elevated blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina.
There are two types of this condition:
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NDPR): This milder form causes weakened blood vessels to leak fluid or blood into the retina, leading to swelling and reduced vision.
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A more severe stage where blood vessels close off, prompting abnormal vessel growth that can lead to retinal detachment or glaucoma, potentially causing blindness.
Recognizing Symptoms Early
Detecting diabetic retinopathy early is essential to prevent vision loss. Symptoms include:
Floaters or dark spots in your vision
Blurred vision
Fluctuating vision changes
Dark or empty areas in your sight
Complete vision loss
While some symptoms like floaters may seem harmless, it’s crucial to visit an eye doctor annually for a comprehensive checkup.
What Causes Diabetic Retinopathy?
The primary cause is uncontrolled high blood sugar, but certain factors increase the risk, including:
Long-term diabetes
High blood pressure or cholesterol
Pregnancy
Smoking
Genetic predispositions (e.g., being Black, Hispanic, or Native American)
Preventative Measures
You can reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy by adopting these healthy habits:
Control Blood Sugar Levels: Take insulin as prescribed, monitor glucose, and limit high-sugar foods.
Exercise Regularly: Improves blood flow and reduces hypertension and obesity.
Maintain Healthy Cholesterol: Avoid trans and saturated fats; opt for healthy fats and nutrient-rich foods.
Quit Smoking: Reduces plaque buildup in blood vessels, improving overall circulation.
Treatment Options
If diagnosed, treatments vary based on the stage:
For NDPR: Controlling blood sugar through lifestyle changes.
For Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy:
Medication Injections: To slow abnormal blood vessel growth.
Laser Treatments (Photocoagulation): To seal leaks and shrink vessels.
Vitrectomy: Surgery to remove blood and scar tissue.
Final Thoughts: Take Action Early
Diabetic retinopathy is preventable and manageable with proper care. Regular eye exams, a healthy lifestyle, and blood sugar control are your best defenses against vision loss. If you notice changes in your vision, seek medical attention immediately.
Sources: High cholesterol - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
