Diabetes develops due to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The exact mechanisms differ between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Autoimmune Response: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to an absolute deficiency of insulin.

• Genetic Predisposition: While not directly inherited, specific genes increase the risk of developing Type 1 diabetes. These genes influence the immune system’s function and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

• Environmental Triggers: While the exact triggers aren’t fully understood, some environmental factors are thought to play a role in activating the autoimmune process. These may include viral infections, certain dietary factors, and exposure to toxins.

Type 2 Diabetes:

• Insulin Resistance: Type 2 diabetes primarily results from insulin resistance, where the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin. This leads to a build-up of glucose in the bloodstream.

• Genetic Predisposition: Genes influence insulin sensitivity, pancreatic beta-cell function, and body weight, all of which contribute to the risk of Type 2 diabetes.

• Lifestyle Factors: These are major contributors to the development of Type 2 diabetes. They include:

  • Obesity: Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, is strongly linked to insulin resistance.

  • Physical Inactivity: Lack of regular exercise contributes to insulin resistance and weight gain.

  • Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and unhealthy fats increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

  • Age: The risk of Type 2 diabetes increases with age.

  • Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups have a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

  • Family History: Having a family history of Type 2 diabetes increases your risk.

  • Gestational Diabetes: Having gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.

In summary: While genetic factors play a role in both types of diabetes, lifestyle choices are particularly crucial in the development of Type 2 diabetes. Understanding these factors is essential for prevention and management. For Type 1, research is ongoing to pinpoint the precise environmental triggers.